FORTIFICATIONS MADE OF EARTH AND CLAY

Route Of The Kasbahs

A spectacular tour of adobe fortresses with crenellated towers and unglazed brick decorations in the southern High Atlas.

Saha Tours

The Legacy of the Desert

Fortified villages that served as checkpoints along the legendary caravan routes to Timbuktu.

While the ancient Kasbahs captivate with their evocative power, the landscape moves you with the sheer force of its contrasts, its luminosity, and a silence that floods the soul with peace and serenity.

This is the name given, south of the High Atlas, to a journey through a series of fortresses. Built of adobe with battlemented towers and raw brick ornaments, they are, at times, authentic fortified villages.

They are situated in a spectacular landscape where the desert and the mountains meet, blending every shade from ocher to red, and where rivers carve out gorges that transform into fertile valleys or oases with lush green palm groves.

WHAT IS A KASBAH?
In southern Morocco, the word kasbah (tighremt in the Berber language) usually refers to a square-shaped building with four towers at its corners, built of adobe, and typically intended as a residence for a powerful family. The oldest kasbahs can date back to the 17th century.

Traveling the Route of the One Thousand Kasbahs is an excellent opportunity to discover an unexplored side of Morocco and to delve into the influences that Sub-Saharan Africa has played in Moroccan history and culture, especially thanks to the commercial routes established with legendary cities like Timbuktu in Mali and Sudan. We cannot overlook the kasbah of Ait Ben Haddou (the most famous), Glaoui or Telouet, Taourirt in Ouarzazate, Amridil, and many others preserved in partial ruins scattered throughout the valleys.

Detailed Tour

The Legendary Fortresses

Explore the nine must-see stops along the Kasbahs Route to discover their history, splendor, and extraordinary landscapes.

The most extraordinary adobe ksar in Morocco

AIT BEN-HADDOU

World Heritage Site

Ait Ben Haddou is one of the best-preserved kasbahs in all of Morocco, a fabulous place inhabited by just a few families and perched atop a 100-meter-high cliff.

Ait Ben Haddou is a fabulous place declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Situated at the top of a hill, it features an incredible fortified village (ksar) built of adobe that covers an entire hillside down to the riverbed, offering excellent landscapes and one of the finest views in Morocco. The sensations this place evokes during sunset and sunrise are endless, thanks to the striking contrast of colors, lights, and shadows that are created. Ait Ben Haddou is one of the best-preserved Kasbahs in all of Morocco, and it stands as an outstanding example of the Kasbah architecture found throughout the Draa, Todgha, Dades, and Souss valley regions. In Ait Ben Haddou, one can see how the structures are built in a strategic position against a mountain, surrounded by corner towers and a defensive wall. The exact date of Ait Ben Haddou’s construction remains undetermined. This impressive adobe structure is still inhabited by a few families. It is crowned by a cliff about one hundred meters high, which holds the remains of an old building and offers a magnificent view of the landscape—an ideal spot for taking photographs of the surroundings. Some of the most iconic photos of Ait Ben Haddou have been taken from this cliff. Its battlemented towers are decorated with blind arches and geometric designs that create a play of light and shadow. The silhouette of the buildings, the breathtaking environment, and the kindness of its people have drawn numerous film crews over many decades. Although the landscape is arid and rocky, water is not scarce. The land features sparse vegetation, though date palms, fig, orange, and lemon trees abound, along with other fruit trees like almond and apple trees. In a wide view of the landscape, we can see different shades of red depending on the time of day, with its numerous fortified towers appearing to be built right into the mountain.

Slow Travel Itineraries by Saha Tours

UNESCO

Essence & Route Map

Theme Song:

Sunrise and Sunset of Golden Mud

Culture:

An outstanding example of defensive architecture

Nature:

Surrounded by date palms, fig trees, and almond trees

The Forgotten Palace of the Last Lord of the Atlas Mountains

KASBAH TELOUET

Charming Decadence

Although it has been in a state of neglect and decay since 1956, the kasbah of Telouet still boasts astonishing splendor, with embossed calligraphy and tiles that defy the passage of time.

Although the kasbahs of Taourirt and Ait Ben Haddou capture most of the tourist attention, one that undoubtedly deserves a visit is Telouet, a former Glaoui kasbah situated at an altitude of 1,650 meters (5,413 feet). This kasbah holds a special interest—not only for the sober, massive splendor of its architecture, which is remarkably distinct from others along the route, but also due to the fame of its primary occupant, Thami el Glaoui. Born in 1879, he belonged to one of the most important tribes of the High Atlas, a family that derived its power from ancestral control over the nearby salt mines and the transit rights of caravans linking the Mediterranean with the Sahel. Left to neglect and decay since its abandonment in 1956, the palace of El Glaoui still allows us to admire the luxury and sumptuousness in which “the last Lord of the Atlas” lived. Built upon the foundations of an ancient complex that included a kasbah and a fonduk, it is said that more than 300 craftsmen worked on its construction for five years, dedicating three of those years solely to the intricate wood carvings, stuccoes, stained glass windows, and tilework. Strolling through the palace reveals a succession of cedar doors, embossed calligraphy, stucco reliefs, geometric latticework, arabesques, arches, carved columns and capitals, courtyards (sahns), sebka panels, and traditional zellij tilework—encompassing much of the classic repertoire of Islamic architectural decoration. It is impossible to overlook the beautifully barred window that offers splendid views of the landscape, creating a striking contrast between the bright exterior light and the dim interior shadows, standing as a true icon of the site.

Slow Travel Itineraries by Saha Tours

1,650 m Altitude

Essence & Route Map

Occupant:

Thami el Glaoui (The Last Lord of the Atlas Mountains)

Handicrafts:

Plaster, cedar wood, and tiles

Effort:

More than 300 artisans over 5 years

The hub of major desert productions

OUARZAZATE

The Hollywood of Africa  
Ouarzazate is the most developed city in the southern Atlas Mountains and owes its status to the presence of film studios and the film industry.

Ouarzazate is the most developed city south of the Atlas Mountains, owing its status largely to the presence of the film industry and cinema studios.

The Atlas Corporation Studios opened in 1983 and are often referred to as the Moroccan Hollywood. Major films and blockbusters have been shot here, including Ridley Scott’s *Kingdom of Heaven* and *Gladiator*, *Alexander*, Alain Chabbat’s *Asterix & Obelix*, Frank Roddam’s *Cleopatra*, and *The Garden of Eden*.

You can visit these studios as long as there is no active filming taking place. Inside, you will find sets from various movies, such as the Tibetan temple facade used by Scorsese for his film *Kundun*, the slave market Ridley Scott utilized in *Gladiator*, or the somewhat battered airplane that Michael Douglas boarded in Lewis Teague’s *The Jewel of the Nile*.

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Film Studios

Essence & Route Map

Foundation:

Atlas Studios, founded in 1983

Movies:

Gladiator, Kingdom of Heaven, Kundun

Hito:

The Jewel of the Nile and Alexander the Great

The adobe palace that resembles an entire city

KASBAH TAOURIRT

Majestic

This impressive kasbah was the residence of one of the region’s most powerful governors and is notable for its intricate interplay of walls and towers.

This striking kasbah, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was the residence of one of the most powerful governors in the region and currently serves as the headquarters for an organization responsible for preserving the architectural heritage of southern Morocco.

This kasbah features a complex overlay of walls and battlemented towers that form a true fortification, and it is said to have been one of the most beautiful kasbahs in all of Morocco.

Belonging to one of the lords who ruled over all the lands of the Atlas, its dimensions and sumptuousness were ambitious to say the least: when you look at it from afar, it resembles a small adobe city rather than a palace.

Its towers boast highly accomplished decorative work, and it is surrounded by defensive walls adorned with geometric patterns.

If you visit within the opening hours (until 6:00 PM), you can take a guided tour of the interior. The guide will explain the function of each space, including the prayer area and the guest reception rooms. In some of the rooms, you can even see the intricate detail carved into the cedarwood ceilings and the painted stucco.

Saha Certified Itineraries

UNESCO

Essence & Route Map

Status:

World Heritage Site

Details:

The Majestic Atlas Mountains

Schedule:

Guided tours until 6:00 p.m.

The mineral abyss and the colossal red-clay walls

VALLE DEL DADES Y GARGANTAS DE TODRA

Landscapes and Panoramas

The Todra River flows through a deep gorge with walls 300 meters high, while the Dades Valley winds its way through a landscape crowned by ochre- and red-colored cliffs.

The famous Todgha Gorges are located 15 km north of Tinghir. The red clay walls of the gorges rise to a height of 300 meters, and the passage between the canyon walls is only 20 meters wide. The Todgha River flows through this deep cleft, and its water is traditionally used to irrigate the surrounding fields of palm, almond, and olive trees. The Dades Valley stretches from Ouarzazate eastward to Tinghir and the Todgha Gorges. The driving route is spectacular, featuring hundreds of kasbahs built by the Berbers to defend themselves against invaders. These fortresses are scattered all along the route, winding through breathtaking desert landscapes, villages, groves, and palm oases. This valley owes its name to the river that snakes its way between the mountains along the route, backed by cliffs of ocher, terracotta, and red. It offers a variety of landscapes that are truly worth visiting. The Dades Valley boasts a wild landscape, with snow on one side and semi-desert on the other. Its untamed grandeur and supernatural silence can only be matched by the Grand Canyon. The Dades River flows through the valley along a winding path lined with fruit trees, walnut trees, wheat fields, palm trees, birches, and almond trees, set against an extraordinary backdrop of spectacular rock formations. Rarely does a road improve a landscape, but in the case of the Dades Gorges, the winding road that cuts through it adds an extra touch of beauty and uniqueness.

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Classic Legacy

Esencia & Ficha de Ruta

Gargantas:

Restos arqueológicos mejor conservados de Marruecos

Contrasto:

Foro, Basílica y Templo de Júpiter

Atractivo:

Beautifully carved mosaics

The intoxicating fields of the Damask rose

VALLE DE LAS ROSAS

Perfumes and Scents

At the foot of the Atlas Mountains, in the city of Kelaa M’Gouna, lies the Valley of Roses, where this legendary flower with its unmistakable fragrance is cultivated.

At the foot of the Atlas Mountains, in the town of Kalaat M’gouna, lies the Valley of the Roses, where the Damask rose species is cultivated. With its intoxicating aromas, the Valley of the Roses is made up of hectares of rose bushes, whose fragrance can be appreciated throughout the entire month of May. At this time of year, you can enjoy a dazzling and enchanting landscape. Rose cultivation, essence distillation, and perfume production are the most important industries in this region. This place is well known for its “Rose Festival,” which takes place every year in May.

Slow Travel Itineraries by Saha Tours

Perfume Natural

Essence & Route Map

Species:

Damask Rose

Moussem:

Rose Festival in May

Industry:

Distillation of Premium-Quality Essential Oils

The sea of green dunes and ancient mud

SKOURA PALM GROVE

Kasbahs and Oases

The Skoura Palm Grove is a lush oasis home to more than 700,000 palm trees and an astonishing concentration of historic adobe fortifications.

The Skoura palm grove is an oasis in the middle of arid lands, where palm and olive trees bring a touch of green to the landscape. In this lush green oasis, besides 700,000 palm trees, there is a high concentration of Kasbahs. Some of the best-preserved kasbahs include Amridil, Ait Abou, and Ait Ben Moro—the latter of which has been converted into a hotel.

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Classic Legacy

Essence & Route Map

Environment:

A lush oasis of palm and olive trees

Milestones:

The Kasbahs of Ameridil, Ait Abú, and Ait Ben Moro

Accommodations:

Charming accommodations and boutique hotels

The village of the forty kasbahs facing the Saghro

NKOB

Bucolic

Nkob is a bucolic oasis shaped by sand-laden winds that have sculpted a unique landscape from its sandstone cliffs.

It is one of the oases nestled on the southern foothills of the Jebel Saghro mountains, which block the path to the desert while receiving its torrid air and sand-laden winds that, over millennia, have shaped a singular relief out of its sandstone cliffs. This site forms an important part of the history of the Berber tribes in this part of the country, comprising more than 40 kasbahs, old quarters, and small villages that showcase the prominent role it played during the eras of the caravan trade routes to Timbuktu.

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40 Kasbahs

Essence & Route Map

Cordillera:

Jebel Saghro and scorching winds

History:

Caravan Route to Timbuktu

Assets:

More than 40 exceptional kasbahs

The ancient oasis where travelers rested after crossing the Atlas Mountains

AGDZ

Place of Rest

Agdz lies peacefully along the ancient route that once connected Marrakech with Timbuktu, a vital hub for trans-Saharan trade.

Agdz is located about 65 kilometers south of Ouarzazate and 92 kilometers north of Zagora.

Agdz, which means “resting place,” sits along the ancient caravan route that linked Marrakech with Timbuktu, and it played an important role in the exchange of goods across the Sahara.

Slow Travel Itineraries by Saha Tours

Saharan Route

Essence & Route Map

Location :

65 km south of Ouarzazate

Meaning:

Berber: ‘Place of rest’

Role :

Freight Exchange Hub

Are you ready to unravel the mystery of adobe that fills the soul with peace?

Our local guides and professional drivers will take you on a journey through the Draa, Dades, and Roses valleys, providing dedicated attention from start to finish.